Red Team Notes
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  • Pinned
    • Pentesting Cheatsheets
      • SQL Injection & XSS Playground
    • Active Directory & Kerberos Abuse
      • From Domain Admin to Enterprise Admin
      • Kerberoasting
      • Kerberos: Golden Tickets
      • Kerberos: Silver Tickets
      • AS-REP Roasting
      • Kerberoasting: Requesting RC4 Encrypted TGS when AES is Enabled
      • Kerberos Unconstrained Delegation
      • Kerberos Constrained Delegation
      • Kerberos Resource-based Constrained Delegation: Computer Object Takeover
      • Domain Compromise via DC Print Server and Kerberos Delegation
      • DCShadow - Becoming a Rogue Domain Controller
      • DCSync: Dump Password Hashes from Domain Controller
      • PowerView: Active Directory Enumeration
      • Abusing Active Directory ACLs/ACEs
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      • From DnsAdmins to SYSTEM to Domain Compromise
      • Pass the Hash with Machine$ Accounts
      • BloodHound with Kali Linux: 101
      • Backdooring AdminSDHolder for Persistence
      • Active Directory Enumeration with AD Module without RSAT or Admin Privileges
      • Enumerating AD Object Permissions with dsacls
      • Active Directory Password Spraying
      • Active Directory Lab with Hyper-V and PowerShell
      • ADCS + PetitPotam NTLM Relay: Obtaining krbtgt Hash with Domain Controller Machine Certificate
      • From Misconfigured Certificate Template to Domain Admin
      • Shadow Credentials
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  • offensive security
    • Red Team Infrastructure
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      • Cobalt Strike 101
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    • Initial Access
      • Password Spraying Outlook Web Access: Remote Shell
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        • Phishing: XLM / Macro 4.0
        • T1173: Phishing - DDE
        • T1137: Phishing - Office Macros
        • Phishing: OLE + LNK
        • Phishing: Embedded Internet Explorer
        • Phishing: .SLK Excel
        • Phishing: Replacing Embedded Video with Bogus Payload
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      • Phishing with GoPhish and DigitalOcean
      • Forced Authentication
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    • Code Execution
      • regsvr32
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      • InstallUtil
      • Using MSBuild to Execute Shellcode in C#
      • Forfiles Indirect Command Execution
      • Application Whitelisting Bypass with WMIC and XSL
      • Powershell Without Powershell.exe
      • Powershell Constrained Language Mode Bypass
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      • Injecting to Remote Process via Thread Hijacking
      • SetWindowHookEx Code Injection
      • Finding Kernel32 Base and Function Addresses in Shellcode
      • Executing Shellcode with Inline Assembly in C/C++
      • Writing Custom Shellcode Encoders and Decoders
      • Backdooring PE Files with Shellcode
      • NtCreateSection + NtMapViewOfSection Code Injection
      • AddressOfEntryPoint Code Injection without VirtualAllocEx RWX
      • Module Stomping for Shellcode Injection
      • PE Injection: Executing PEs inside Remote Processes
      • API Monitoring and Hooking for Offensive Tooling
      • Windows API Hooking
      • Import Adress Table (IAT) Hooking
      • DLL Injection via a Custom .NET Garbage Collector
      • Writing and Compiling Shellcode in C
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        • 32-bit Stack-based Buffer Overflow
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        • Return-to-libc / ret2libc
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        • Format String Bug
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      • AV Bypass with Metasploit Templates and Custom Binaries
      • Evading Windows Defender with 1 Byte Change
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      • Windows API Hashing in Malware
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      • Calling Syscalls Directly from Visual Studio to Bypass AVs/EDRs
      • Retrieving ntdll Syscall Stubs from Disk at Run-time
      • Full DLL Unhooking with C++
      • Enumerating RWX Protected Memory Regions for Code Injection
      • Disabling Windows Event Logs by Suspending EventLog Service Threads
      • Obfuscated Powershell Invocations
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      • Commandline Obfusaction
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      • Packed Binaries
      • Unloading Sysmon Driver
      • Bypassing IDS Signatures with Simple Reverse Shells
      • Preventing 3rd Party DLLs from Injecting into your Malware
      • ProcessDynamicCodePolicy: Arbitrary Code Guard (ACG)
      • Parent Process ID (PPID) Spoofing
      • Executing C# Assemblies from Jscript and wscript with DotNetToJscript
    • Enumeration and Discovery
      • Windows Event IDs and Others for Situational Awareness
      • Enumerating COM Objects and their Methods
      • Enumerating Users without net, Services without sc and Scheduled Tasks without schtasks
      • Enumerating Windows Domains with rpcclient through SocksProxy == Bypassing Command Line Logging
      • Dump Global Address List (GAL) from OWA
      • Application Window Discovery
      • Account Discovery & Enumeration
      • Using COM to Enumerate Hostname, Username, Domain, Network Drives
      • Detecting Sysmon on the Victim Host
    • Privilege Escalation
      • Primary Access Token Manipulation
      • Windows NamedPipes 101 + Privilege Escalation
      • DLL Hijacking
      • WebShells
      • Image File Execution Options Injection
      • Unquoted Service Paths
      • Pass The Hash: Privilege Escalation with Invoke-WMIExec
      • Environment Variable $Path Interception
      • Weak Service Permissions
    • Credential Access & Dumping
      • Dumping Credentials from Lsass Process Memory with Mimikatz
      • Dumping Lsass Without Mimikatz
      • Dumping Lsass without Mimikatz with MiniDumpWriteDump
      • Dumping Hashes from SAM via Registry
      • Dumping SAM via esentutl.exe
      • Dumping LSA Secrets
      • Dumping and Cracking mscash - Cached Domain Credentials
      • Dumping Domain Controller Hashes Locally and Remotely
      • Dumping Domain Controller Hashes via wmic and Vssadmin Shadow Copy
      • Network vs Interactive Logons
      • Reading DPAPI Encrypted Secrets with Mimikatz and C++
      • Credentials in Registry
      • Password Filter
      • Forcing WDigest to Store Credentials in Plaintext
      • Dumping Delegated Default Kerberos and NTLM Credentials w/o Touching Lsass
      • Intercepting Logon Credentials via Custom Security Support Provider and Authentication Packages
      • Pulling Web Application Passwords by Hooking HTML Input Fields
      • Intercepting Logon Credentials by Hooking msv1_0!SpAcceptCredentials
      • Credentials Collection via CredUIPromptForCredentials
    • Lateral Movement
      • WinRM for Lateral Movement
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      • RDP Hijacking for Lateral Movement with tscon
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      • Simple TCP Relaying with NetCat
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      • SSH Tunnelling / Port Forwarding
      • Lateral Movement via WMI Event Subscription
      • Lateral Movement via DLL Hijacking
      • Lateral Movement over headless RDP with SharpRDP
      • Man-in-the-Browser via Chrome Extension
      • ShadowMove: Lateral Movement by Duplicating Existing Sockets
    • Persistence
      • DLL Proxying for Persistence
      • Schtask
      • Service Execution
      • Sticky Keys
      • Create Account
      • AddMonitor()
      • NetSh Helper DLL
      • Abusing Windows Managent Instrumentation
        • WMI as a Data Storage
      • Windows Logon Helper
      • Hijacking Default File Extension
      • Persisting in svchost.exe with a Service DLL
      • Modifying .lnk Shortcuts
      • Screensaver Hijack
      • Application Shimming
      • BITS Jobs
      • COM Hijacking
      • SIP & Trust Provider Hijacking
      • Hijacking Time Providers
      • Installing Root Certificate
      • Powershell Profile Persistence
      • RID Hijacking
      • Word Library Add-Ins
      • Office Templates
    • Exfiltration
      • Powershell Payload Delivery via DNS using Invoke-PowerCloud
  • reversing, forensics & misc
    • Internals
      • Configuring Kernel Debugging Environment with kdnet and WinDBG Preview
      • Compiling a Simple Kernel Driver, DbgPrint, DbgView
      • Loading Windows Kernel Driver for Debugging
      • Subscribing to Process Creation, Thread Creation and Image Load Notifications from a Kernel Driver
      • Listing Open Handles and Finding Kernel Object Addresses
      • Sending Commands From Your Userland Program to Your Kernel Driver using IOCTL
      • Windows Kernel Drivers 101
      • Windows x64 Calling Convention: Stack Frame
      • Linux x64 Calling Convention: Stack Frame
      • System Service Descriptor Table - SSDT
      • Interrupt Descriptor Table - IDT
      • Token Abuse for Privilege Escalation in Kernel
      • Manipulating ActiveProcessLinks to Hide Processes in Userland
      • ETW: Event Tracing for Windows 101
      • Exploring Injected Threads
      • Parsing PE File Headers with C++
      • Instrumenting Windows APIs with Frida
      • Exploring Process Environment Block
      • Writing a Custom Bootloader
    • Cloud
      • AWS Accounts, Users, Groups, Roles, Policies
    • Neo4j
    • Dump Virtual Box Memory
    • AES Encryption Using Crypto++ .lib in Visual Studio C++
    • Reversing Password Checking Routine
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On this page
  • Simple Windows Driver Framework (WDF) Kernel Driver
  • Create a driver.c
  • Add Driver Code
  • Enable DbgPrint Monitoring for WinDBG
  • Enable DbgPrint Monitoring for DbgView
  • Requested Control is Not Valid for This Service
  • Simple Windows Driver Model (WDM) Kernel Driver Load and Unload
  • References
  1. reversing, forensics & misc
  2. Internals

Compiling a Simple Kernel Driver, DbgPrint, DbgView

PreviousConfiguring Kernel Debugging Environment with kdnet and WinDBG PreviewNextLoading Windows Kernel Driver for Debugging

Last updated 5 years ago

Simple Windows Driver Framework (WDF) Kernel Driver

Select Kernel Mode Driver, Emtpy (KMDF) from templates:

Create a driver.c

Create a new driver.c file under Source Files:

Add Driver Code

driver.c
#include <ntddk.h>
#include <wdf.h>

DRIVER_INITIALIZE DriverEntry;
EVT_WDF_DRIVER_DEVICE_ADD EvtDriverDeviceAdd;
EVT_WDF_DRIVER_UNLOAD UnloadDriver;

_Use_decl_annotations_
void UnloadDriver(IN WDFDRIVER driver)
{
    UNREFERENCED_PARAMETER(driver);
    DbgPrint("Driver unloaded");
}

NTSTATUS DriverEntry(_In_ PDRIVER_OBJECT DriverObject, _In_ PUNICODE_STRING RegistryPath)
{
    WDF_DRIVER_CONFIG config;
    WDF_DRIVER_CONFIG_INIT(&config, EvtDriverDeviceAdd);
    config.EvtDriverUnload = UnloadDriver;
    NTSTATUS status = WdfDriverCreate(DriverObject, RegistryPath, WDF_NO_OBJECT_ATTRIBUTES, &config, WDF_NO_HANDLE);
    
    DbgPrint("Driver loaded");

    return status;
}

NTSTATUS EvtDriverDeviceAdd(_In_ WDFDRIVER Driver,_Inout_ PWDFDEVICE_INIT DeviceInit)
{
    UNREFERENCED_PARAMETER(Driver);
    WDFDEVICE device;
    NTSTATUS status = WdfDeviceCreate(&DeviceInit, WDF_NO_OBJECT_ATTRIBUTES, &device);
    
    return status;
}

Enable DbgPrint Monitoring for WinDBG

Change the debug output verbosity:

ed kd_default_mask 0xf

Enable DbgPrint Monitoring for DbgView

Create a sub-key Debug Print Filter if it does not exist:

Computer\HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\Debug Print Filter

Add a new DWORD value DEFAULT and set its Data field to 0xf:

If we load the driver now and start it, we can see the debug output in DbgView too:

Requested Control is Not Valid for This Service

The below error message is seen if you attempt to stop the WDF driver via OSR Driver Loader or the native sc.exe, even if you have defined the driver unloading routine:

I could not find a solution to this, but WDM driver has no such issue - see the code below.

Simple Windows Driver Model (WDM) Kernel Driver Load and Unload

Below is a simple WDM driver that can be compiled and then loaded and stopped with OSR Driver Loader:

#include <ntddk.h>

void DriverUnload(PDRIVER_OBJECT dob)
{
	UNREFERENCED_PARAMETER(dob);
	DbgPrint("Driver unloaded");
}

NTSTATUS DriverEntry(PDRIVER_OBJECT DriverObject, PUNICODE_STRING RegistryPath) {

	UNREFERENCED_PARAMETER(DriverObject);
	UNREFERENCED_PARAMETER(RegistryPath);

	DriverObject->DriverUnload = DriverUnload;
	DbgPrint("Driver loaded");

	return STATUS_SUCCESS;
}

Below shows how our driver is loaded and unloaded via OSR Loader while DbgView prints our DbgPrint output defined in the above DriverEntry and DriverUnload routines:

References

allows us to see the debug output in WinDBG:

Starting the driver
Write a Hello World Windows Driver (KMDF) - Windows driversdocsmsft
Logo
OSR Dev Blog:Getting DbgPrint Output To Appear In Vista and Later